Mauritius at the Crossroads: Can High-Tech Farming and Smallholder Farmers Coexist? A Debate by the Students of Faculty of Agriculture

The Agricultural Society of the University of Mauritius organized three debates, one of which was focused on the use of technology in agriculture. There were two groups participating: one in favour of technology and one against it. The participants were Year 1 students from the Agricultural Science and Technology cohort, while the opposing group consisted of Year 2 students from the same cohort. 

Members of the Agricultural Society with the Judges, Assoc. Prof. B.Ramasawmy Molaye and Mr. K. Boodhoo

The debate was judged by two academics from the Faculty of Agriculture and lasted for about two hours. Each group was allocated 30 minutes to prepare their arguments, followed by approximately 25 minutes to present their case. During this time, they also engaged in counter-arguments. The judges assessed each group's performance using a set of criteria which were known for both groups.

The Winners _ BSc (Hons) Agricultural Science and Technology Year 2

 Both groups presented very valid arguments throughout their debates, making it challenging for the judges to reach a final judgment. Ultimately, however, one group emerged as clearly more argumentative than the other and was declared the winner. 

It is important to note that this debate was not intended to prove or disprove any particular point; rather, it aimed to evaluate how effectively students could present their cases.

Overall, it was a very successful event that showcased student engagement and critical thinking skills. Congratulations are due to the Agricultural Society for their significant efforts in organising such a successful debate.

 Comparison of Arguments: Pro-Tech vs. Anti-Tech Agriculture in Mauritius

1. Core Issues Addressed

Pro-Tech Agriculture	Anti-Tech Agriculture
Focuses on modernization, productivity, and climate resilience.	Prioritizes protecting small farmers, economic equity, and cultural preservation.
Aims to reduce food imports ($1B annually) and boost self-sufficiency.	Warns of corporate monopolies and loss of food sovereignty.
Promotes job creation in tech-driven roles (e.g., engineers, drone operators).	Highlights job losses due to automation (e.g., India’s 1M displaced farmers).
Aligns with SDGs through sustainability (e.g., reduced water use, emissions).	Argues tech contradicts SDGs by worsening poverty (SDG 1) and inequality (SDG 10).

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2. Validity and Strength of Arguments

Pro-Tech Strengths	Anti-Tech Strengths
Data-Driven: Cites local successes (AgriService’s 20–30% reduced crop loss) and global models (Netherlands’ tech-driven farming).	Empirical Evidence: References India’s farmer displacement and Mauritius’ income data (farmers earn 17k–25k rupees/month).
Practical Solutions: Proposes scalable methods (vertical farming, precision agriculture) to address land scarcity and climate risks.	Ethical Focus: Highlights generational contributions of farmers and risks of neocolonial dependency on foreign tech.
Economic Growth: Links tech adoption to investment opportunities and reduced import dependency.	Social Justice: Exposes unaffordability (1.5–3M rupees/hectare cost) for 82% of farmers.

Pro-Tech Weaknesses	Anti-Tech Weaknesses
Underestimates implementation costs and risks of technological exclusion for small farmers.	Relies on emotional appeals (e.g., “death sentence for smallholders”) without concrete alternatives beyond preserving the status quo.
Overlooks short-term disruptions (e.g., job losses in traditional roles).	Lacks acknowledgment of global trends (e.g., tech’s role in climate adaptation).

 

Arguments in Favour of High-Tech Agriculture in Mauritius

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1. Addressing Food Insecurity and Import Dependency

• Problem: Mauritius imports $1 billion worth of agricultural goods annually (19.9% of total imports in 2021), exposing the nation to global price volatility and supply chain disruptions. Climate change and limited arable land exacerbate food insecurity.

• Solution: High-tech methods like vertical farming and hydroponics enable year-round cultivation in controlled environments, reducing reliance on imports. For example, vertical farms in urban areas could grow leafy greens and herbs locally, replacing imported staples.

• Outcome: By producing high-demand crops domestically (e.g., tomatoes, potatoes), Mauritius could retain capital within the economy, stabilize food prices, and ensure a consistent supply of fresh produce.

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2. Modernizing an Ageing Agricultural Sector

• Problem: The average age of Mauritian farmers is rising, with younger generations viewing traditional farming as unattractive or unprofitable.

• Solution: High-tech agriculture integrates digital tools (e.g., drones, IoT sensors) and automation, appealing to tech-savvy youth. For instance, there is a company that provide drone-based crop monitoring, it combines agriculture with data science, attracting engineers and IT professionals.

• Outcome: Bridging the generational gap ensures continuity in farming. Older farmers benefit from tools like automated irrigation systems, which reduce physical labour while boosting yields.

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3. Boosting Productivity and Resource Efficiency

• Precision Agriculture:

  • Technology: Drones and sensors provide real-time data on soil health, moisture levels, and pest infestations. For example, the company 3D mapping identifies nutrient deficiencies early, allowing targeted interventions.

  • Impact: A case study in Montgomery showed 75% higher yields and 70% improved water efficiency after adopting drone-guided pest control. In Mauritius, similar systems could mitigate water scarcity and reduce crop loss during droughts.

• Vertical Farming:

  • How It Works: Stacked layers of crops grown indoors under LED lights, using hydroponic or aeroponic systems.

  • Advantage: Produces 10–20 times more food per square meter than traditional farming, ideal for Mauritius’ limited land. Urban vertical farms could supply fresh produce to cities like Port Louis, cutting transportation costs and emissions.

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4. Economic Growth and Job Creation

• Investment Opportunities: High-tech agriculture attracts domestic and foreign investors. For example, controlled-environment farms (e.g., greenhouses with automated climate control) offer predictable returns, appealing to ESG-focused investors.

• New Job Sectors:

  • Skilled Roles: Engineers, data analysts, and drone operators are needed to maintain advanced systems.

  • Agri-Tech Startups: There are now companies that are creating niches in precision farming tools, fostering innovation.

• Case Study: The sugarcane industry already uses automated harvesters (e.g., Omnicane), reducing labour shortages and increasing efficiency.

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5. Environmental Sustainability and Health Benefits

• Reducing Chemical Use:

  • Problem: Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides contaminates water and soil.

  • Solution: Precision spraying via drones ensures chemicals are applied only where needed, cutting usage by up to 30%. Bio-fertilizers and organic methods further reduce reliance on synthetics.

  • Health Impact: Organic produce grown with high-tech methods contains 40% more antioxidants, promoting public health.

• Climate Resilience:

  • Controlled Environments: Greenhouses and vertical farms protect crops from extreme weather (e.g., cyclones), ensuring stable yields.

  • Lower Emissions: Hydroponics uses 90% less water than soil farming, and renewable energy (e.g., solar-powered farms) can further reduce carbon footprints.

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6. Proven Success and Scalability

• Local Examples:

  • Company X: Their drones provide farmers with actionable insights, reducing crop loss by 20–30%. Real-time soil analysis helps optimize fertilizer use, lowering costs.

  • Company Y: Specializes in sensor-based irrigation systems, cutting water waste by 50% in pilot projects.

• Global Trends: Countries like Israel and the Netherlands have revolutionized agriculture through tech, achieving food security despite resource constraints. Mauritius can replicate this model.

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7. Aligning with Global Sustainability Goals

• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): High-tech methods increase local food production, reducing hunger risks.

• SDG 8 (Decent Work): Creates skilled jobs in tech-driven farming, diversifying the economy.

• SDG 13 (Climate Action): Efficient resource use and lower emissions align with climate resilience targets.

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Conclusion: High-tech agriculture offers Mauritius a pathway to food sovereignty, economic diversification, and environmental stewardship. By integrating innovation with local needs—such as addressing ageing farmers and climate vulnerabilities—Mauritius can build a resilient agricultural sector that benefits both people and the planet. The success of companies demonstrates that technology, when adapted thoughtfully, can transform challenges into opportunities.

Arguments Against High-Tech Agriculture in Mauritius

1. Financial Burden on Small Farmers

• Cost Prohibition: Transitioning to high-tech agriculture requires 1.5–3 million rupees per hectare, a sum far beyond the reach of most Mauritian farmers. With 82% of farmers owning less than one hectare and earning 17,000–25,000 rupees monthly, such investments are unaffordable without crippling debt.

• Debt Trap: Repaying even 1.5 million rupees would demand over 10 years of total savings for an average farmer, creating a cycle of dependency on loans. Unlike developed nations, Mauritius lacks robust subsidies or financial safety nets, exacerbating the risk of bankruptcy.

• Structural Inequality: The high-tech model inherently favors wealthy corporations or large-scale agribusinesses, sidelining smallholders and deepening economic disparities.

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2. Threat to Smallholder Farming and Food Sovereignty

• Displacement of Farmers: As seen in India (where 1 million small farmers were displaced due to aggressive mechanization), automation and corporate-driven tech reduce the need for human labor. Small farmers, unable to compete with tech-savvy conglomerates, face forced exits from agriculture.

• Corporate Monopolies: Large agribusinesses could dominate food production, leading to price manipulation and reduced accessibility. For example, corporate control might prioritize export crops over local staples, risking food scarcity.

• Unemployment Crisis: Automation replaces manual jobs (e.g., planting, harvesting), threatening livelihoods in a sector that employs a significant portion of Mauritius’ rural population.

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3. Contradiction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

• SDG 1 (No Poverty): High-tech transitions would push small farmers into debt or displacement, worsening rural poverty.

• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): Corporate monopolies could prioritize profits over food affordability, leading to price hikes and reduced access to nutritious food for low-income populations.

• SDG 8 (Decent Work): Automation eliminates jobs without creating equitable alternatives, undermining economic growth in agrarian communities.

• SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities): Wealth gaps widen as tech benefits only corporations and wealthy landowners, marginalizing smallholders further.

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4. Critique of "Progress" as Economic Colonization

• Corporate Takeover: Framing high-tech agriculture as “modernization” masks its role in transferring control from local farmers to foreign corporations. For instance, reliance on imported AI systems or robotics could make Mauritius dependent on external entities for critical farming inputs.

• Neocolonial Dynamics: The push for expensive, foreign-owned technology echoes historical colonization, where external powers extract wealth while undermining local autonomy. This risks erasing Mauritius’ agricultural heritage and self-sufficiency.

• False Promise of Efficiency: While high-tech methods may boost yields, they ignore systemic issues like unfair pricing, lack of infrastructure, and climate vulnerabilities that small farmers face.

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5. Alternatives: Sustainable and Equitable Solutions

• Invest in Local Practices: Promote agroecology, crop diversification, and organic farming—methods that are cost-effective, environmentally sustainable, and tailored to Mauritius’ climate.

• Policy Protections: Implement price guarantees, subsidies for seeds/equipment, and land reforms to secure farmers’ rights.

• Skill Development: Fund training programs in sustainable techniques (e.g., water conservation, pest management) instead of prioritizing expensive tech.

• Community Cooperatives: Encourage collective farming models to pool resources and bargaining power, reducing reliance on corporate intermediaries.

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6. Moral and Cultural Imperative

• Historical Legacy: Smallholder farmers have sustained Mauritius through cyclones, droughts, and economic crises. Abandoning them for corporate-driven tech betrays this legacy and cultural identity.

• Ethical Choice: The debate is framed as a moral crossroads—prioritizing people (farmers, food security) versus profit (corporate interests). Policymakers are urged to reject policies that sacrifice human dignity for technological “progress.”

• Irreversible Consequences: Losing smallholder farming would mean losing biodiversity, traditional knowledge, and resilience to climate shocks, leaving Mauritius vulnerable to global market fluctuations.

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Conclusion: The arguments against high-tech agriculture in Mauritius emphasize its role in perpetuating inequality, eroding food sovereignty, and undermining ethical governance. Advocates call for a shift toward inclusive, sustainable policies that protect farmers, preserve cultural heritage, and prioritize national self-reliance over corporate profit.

The other groups were the BSc (Hons) Food Science and Technology Year 1 and 2, and the BSc Biotechnology Year 1 and Year 2. 

BSc (Hons) Food Science and Technology, Year 2

BSc (Hons) Microbiology Year 2

Seaweed Aquaculture: A Sustainable Future for Food, Environment, and Economy

On Monday, 17th March 2025, the University of Mauritius' Faculty of Agriculture hosted  an event at the R. Burrenchobay Lecture Theatre (RBLT) in Reduit. The occasion brought together government officials, researchers, and stakeholders to engage in discussions and collaborative efforts aimed at advancing seaweed aquaculture initiatives and addressing key challenges in the sector. This workshop underscores seaweed aquaculture’s multifaceted benefits and positions Mauritius as a leader in sustainable marine resource innovation. The agricultural society of the University has also actively participated in the event. 

The members of the Agricultural Society

Objective: The workshop highlights the transformative potential of seaweed aquaculture in addressing global challenges such as food security, environmental degradation, and economic resilience. Centered on the R.I.S.E. Project (Resilient Island Endeavour), the event explores seaweed's applications as a superfood, bio-stimulant, and driver of sustainable development in Mauritius.

Key Sessions & Speakers:

• Inaugural Addresses: Speeches by Vice-Chancellor Prof. Sanjeev Sobhee, Honorable Dr Arvind Boolell  GOSK (Minister of Agro-Industry, Food Security, Blue Economy and Fisheries) and Dr. Kaviraj Sharma Sukon (Minister of Tertiary Education, Science and Research) emphasize national and institutional commitments to advancing seaweed aquaculture. The Dean of the Faculty Assoc Prof J.Govinden Soulange further emphasized the Faculty role in educating and equipping our young generation to meet growing demands in marine resource management.

  
  
  
  

  
  

• R.I.S.E. Project Insights: Elisa Gatteschi and Daksh Beeharry Panray discuss the practical applications of seaweed cultivation in Mauritius, including its role as a nutrient-rich food source and agricultural bio-stimulant.

• Sustainability Focus: Dr. Nadeem Nazullary elaborated on seaweed’s ecological benefits, such as carbon sequestration, habitat restoration, and its economic potential for coastal communities.

• Genetic Research: Bhuvaneshwaree Surroop, Tashika Kalloo, and Bipasha Sookun presented findings from genetic studies on Mauritian seaweed, highlighting opportunities for optimized cultivation.

General Takeaways

The island nation of Mauritius is strategically positioning its marine resources at the forefront of a sustainable development paradigm through the Resilient Island Endeavour (R.I.S.E.) Project. This initiative, a collaboration between Cooperazione Internazionale Sud Sud (CISS) and the Environmental Protection and Conservation Organisation (EPCO), focuses on the cultivation of Ulva Lactuca (sea lettuce) to address critical challenges in food security and climate change resilience. This endeavour represents a significant exploration into the potential of seaweed aquaculture within the context of a Small Island Developing State (SIDS).  

 Nutritional and Agronomic Applications of Ulva Lactuca: A Multifaceted Approach

Research indicates that Ulva Lactuca possesses a rich nutritional profile, qualifying it as a potential superfood. Its high concentrations of essential minerals, including iron (137 mg/100g), magnesium (2250 mg/100g), and calcium (3052 mg/100g), alongside the presence of all essentials amino acids, underscore its value in dietary diversification. The R.I.S.E. Project aims to translate these nutritional benefits into accessible food products for the local population through targeted training and market development strategies. This initiative aligns with global trends recognizing the potential of algae as a sustainable food source.

The seaweed workshop participants with the Dean of Faculty of Agriculture
On the right side And Minister Honorable Dr K.Sukon

Students of the Faculty of Agriculture

Furthermore, the project investigates the application of Ulva Lactuca as a bio-stimulant in agriculture. Seaweed-based fertilizers have demonstrated the capacity to enhance soil fertility, improve plant growth, and increase resilience to abiotic stresses such as water scarcity. The macro and micro minerals present in seaweed contribute to improved soil aeration and can play a role in pest management, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic chemical inputs. This approach is particularly relevant for Mauritius, which faces increasing challenges from climate change impacts on agricultural productivity.

Scaling Seaweed Aquaculture in Mauritius: Feasibility and Considerations

The feasibility of scaling seaweed farming in Mauritius is supported by the island's substantial seaweed biodiversity, with over 435 recorded species. The government's strategic emphasis on the "blue economy" as a driver for economic growth provides a supportive policy environment for aquaculture development. While the R.I.S.E. Project operates at a community level, the global market for seaweed is experiencing significant expansion, presenting opportunities for Mauritius to establish a more substantial industry.

However, the transition to large-scale seaweed aquaculture necessitates careful consideration of several factors. These include the identification of suitable cultivation sites, the development of efficient harvesting methodologies, and the implementation of robust biosecurity measures to mitigate the risk of disease. Furthermore, establishing a well-defined regulatory framework and ensuring access to financial resources are crucial for attracting investment and fostering sustainable growth. Learning from successful seaweed aquaculture initiatives in other island nations, such as Indonesia and the Philippines, can provide valuable insights for Mauritius.

Environmental Implications and Sustainability

Seaweed aquaculture offers several environmental co-benefits, including carbon sequestration and the bioremediation of nutrient-rich waters. By absorbing carbon dioxide, seaweed cultivation can contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. Additionally, the uptake of excess nutrients can help to improve water quality in coastal ecosystems. The R.I.S.E. Project explicitly promotes sustainable seaweed farming practices to minimize potential negative impacts on the marine environment. While generally considered environmentally benign, careful site selection and adherence to best practices are essential to avoid habitat disruption and ensure the long-term ecological sustainability of seaweed aquaculture.

Conclusion and Future Directions

The R.I.S.E. Project in Mauritius exemplifies a progressive approach to leveraging marine resources for sustainable development. By focusing on the dual applications of Ulva Lactuca as a superfood and a bio-stimulant, the initiative addresses critical needs in nutrition and agricultural resilience within the context of climate change. While challenges exist in scaling up seaweed aquaculture, the inherent potential of Mauritius' marine environment, coupled with supportive government policies and growing global market demand, presents a promising trajectory for the development of a significant blue economy sector. Future research and development efforts should focus on optimizing cultivation techniques, exploring diverse applications of seaweed biomass, and establishing robust value chains to ensure the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of this emerging industry in Mauritius.

New Brew for Mauritius: ENL's 500-Arpents Tea Revival

Mauritius is witnessing a revival of its tea-growing heritage. For generations, tea has been more than just a beverage here; it's woven into the fabric of Mauritian culture. But in recent decades, the industry faced decline, leading to increased reliance on imports. Now, ENL, a major player in the Mauritian economy, is stepping in with a bold vision: to bring back the golden age of Mauritian tea.   

Imagine rolling hills in Valetta, lush with vibrant tea bushes, replacing underutilized land with a crop that holds both history and promise. That's the scene ENL is creating with its ambitious Rs 160 million, a500-Arpents tea plantation project. This isn't just about planting tea; it's about cultivating a sustainable future for Mauritian agriculture.

Historical context of tea in Mauritius and ENL's past involvement:

• Long-standing tradition: Tea cultivation has a history of over a century in Mauritius.
• Ideal conditions: The Bar Le Duc, Beau Bois, and Mon Désert Alma regions were historically favoured due to their humid climate and acidic soils, which are optimal for tea growth.
• ENL's past involvement: ENL has a history of tea production, having previously produced over 1,300 tonnes of tea leaves on 300 acres of land. This demonstrates the group's deep-rooted connection to tea cultivation.

Why Tea, and Why Now?

Mauritius, once a proud exporter of tea, now imports a significant portion of its consumption. This initiative is a direct response to the need for greater food security and a desire to reclaim a vital part of the nation's agricultural legacy. ENL's project aims to:

• Reduce import dependence: By increasing local production, Mauritius can lessen its reliance on foreign tea.
• Revitalize the industry: Introducing new, high-yield cultivars and modern farming techniques will boost the quality and quantity of Mauritian tea.
• Diversify agriculture: Moving beyond sugarcane monoculture strengthens the island's agricultural resilience.
• Empower local communities: Partnerships with farmers will provide training and support, creating a sustainable ecosystem.

A Modern Approach to a Traditional Crop

ENL is not just planting tea; they're implementing a forward-thinking approach. Key elements include:

• Cyclone-resistant cultivars: Imported from Kenya, these varieties are well-suited to the Mauritian climate.
• Sustainable cultivation: Utilizing the naturally acidic soils of Valetta minimizes the need for artificial amendments.
• Expert collaboration: Partnering with the Kenyan Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation ensures knowledge transfer and best practices.
• Technological advancement: Mechanical harvesting will enhance efficiency and productivity.
• Large scale import: 600,000 tea plant cuttings have been imported from Kenya to begin this large scale project.

More Than Just a Plantation

This project is a testament to ENL's commitment to sustainable development and community engagement. By working closely with local farmers, providing training, and supporting the adoption of modern techniques, ENL is fostering a thriving tea-growing community.

The ENL tea project is more than just an agricultural endeavour; it's a symbol of hope and a testament to the resilience of Mauritian agriculture. It's a reminder that even in a rapidly changing world, tradition and innovation can blend seamlessly to create a brighter future. So, next time you enjoy a cup of Mauritian tea, remember the story behind it – a story of revival, sustainability, and a renewed appreciation for the island's rich agricultural heritage.

Towards an AI Mauritius - A Focus on Education: The Cornerstone of Transformation

Towards an AI-First Mauritius: A Bold Vision for Economic Transformation

Mauritius has already taken a significant step towards a digital future by offering free internet access. However, in an era defined by artificial intelligence, this is merely the starting point. A recent publication by the Charles Telfair Centre, authored by Dr. Bippin Makoond, proposes a transformative vision: an "AI-First Mauritius" achieved through strategic investment in advanced Large Language Models (LLMs) for its citizens.

Beyond Connectivity: The Necessity of Advanced AI

While acknowledging the importance of the government's free internet initiative, the paper argues that "mere connectivity is not enough" to unlock vast opportunities in the age of AI. To truly thrive in a world driven by economic, social, and technological transformation, Mauritius needs to empower its citizens with access to sophisticated AI tools. The author draws an analogy, stating that while free open-source LLMs exist and are useful for basic tasks ("like bicycles"), proprietary models are the "high-performance vehicles" necessary for sustained, high-speed progress. These advanced tools offer superior features, scalability, and dedicated support, crucial for a robust digital transformation towards a knowledge-driven economy.

Unlocking Potential: The Power of Large Language Models

The report emphasizes that tackling barriers to advanced AI technologies like LLMs from leaders such as OpenAI and Google DeepMind is critical. These tools remain out of reach for many due to high costs and technical complexities. By subsidizing access to these AI resources, Mauritius can bridge digital divides, learning inequity, and catalyze productivity across various sectors including education, healthcare, finance, and tourism.

LLMs offer a multitude of benefits:

• Revolutionizing Education and the Workplace: They can provide personalized, multilingual learning solutions and enhance businesses through insightful data analytics.
• Fostering Inclusivity: LLMs can break down language barriers, ensuring wider access to information and opportunities.
• Improving Key Sectors: They hold the potential to enhance healthcare diagnostics and streamline business operations.
• Strengthening Governance and Innovation: Investing in broad AI access can lead to more informed policy-making and resource allocation, positioning Mauritius as an innovative leader and attracting global investment.
• Enhancing Human Capital: Integrating AI with free internet can empower citizens, fuel innovation, and boost national resilience in the global digital landscape, leading to a more equitable society and long-term prosperity.

A Focus on Education: The Cornerstone of Transformation

The integration of AI LLMs into Mauritius’s educational system is highlighted as a significant opportunity to enhance its economic and social landscape. Drawing lessons from nations like Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore, the report underscores the role of substantial educational investment in creating knowledge-based economies. AI is presented as a key tool for "levelling the educational playing field", making learning accessible to all citizens regardless of their socio-economic status or geographic location, especially given Mauritius's limited resources but high ambitions for digital transformation. Furthermore, AI-driven education could potentially serve as an affordable and scalable alternative to the pervasive issue of private tuition.
The vision extends beyond traditional schooling to embrace a "lifelong continuum" of learning, where the workplace becomes a "learning temple". Cultivating a mindset of continuous learning, experimentation, and data-driven decision-making is crucial, starting with educators who can embed this philosophy in children from an early age. AI is seen as the enabler for this transformation, requiring smaller efforts to yield significant results.

Generative AI's Impact on Education: Access, Errors, and Strategy

 

Overview:

Professor Bharat N. Anand of Harvard Business School presents a nuanced perspective on the impact of generative AI on education and the future of work. He challenges conventional wisdom, arguing that the transformative power of AI lies less in its raw "intelligence" and more in its accessibility. He emphasizes the importance of strategic adoption, focusing on the cost of errors rather than just prediction errors, and urges a re-evaluation of the role of teachers and the skills most valuable in an AI-driven world. Anand deconstructs the hype surrounding AI tutors, suggesting that the benefits of AI will accrue disproportionately to those who already have domain expertise, furthering rather than levelling the playing field.

Key Themes and Ideas:

• Accessibility vs. Intelligence: Anand argues that the rapid adoption of generative AI isn't primarily due to a sudden leap in intelligence, but to the vastly improved interface and accessibility.
• "The fundamental reason why this is taken off, he would argue, has less to do with the discrete improvements in intelligence 2 years ago as opposed to the Improvement in Access or the interface that we have with the intelligence."
• He compares it to the shift from DOS prompts to a graphical user interface: "The big difference was the interface, meaning we moved to a graphical user interface and suddenly 7-year-old kids could be using computers, that I think is more similar to the revolution we're seeing now."
• This accessibility means more people can use computers for specialized purposes, but not necessarily the same people.
• The Cost of Errors as a Strategic Framework: Instead of focusing solely on the accuracy of AI outputs (prediction errors), Anand proposes evaluating AI adoption based on the cost of errors. 
• "We are obsessed with talking about prediction errors from large language models. I think the more relevant question is the cost of making these errors, meaning in some cases the prediction error might be 30% but if the cost of error is zero it's okay to adopt it."
• He urges organizations to break down analysis into tasks rather than whole industries. "Don't ask of what is AI going to do to me, ask which are the tasks that I can actually automate and which are the tasks I don't want to touch."
• The Ryanair Analogy: Anand uses Ryanair as a metaphor for AI adoption. Even if the "product" (AI output) isn't perfect, the cost and time savings can justify its use:
• "Even when AI capabilities fall far short and impair the human value proposition there's still a reason to adopt it... even if there's no improvement in intelligence simply because of cost and Time Savings there might be massive benefits to trying to adopt this."
• "This is an airline like most low-cost Airlines it doesn't offer any food on board no seat selection you've got to walk to the TAC you got to pay extra for bags no frequent flyers no lounges and this is the most profitable airline in Europe for the last 30 years running why it's not providing a better product it's saving cost."
• Challenging Assumptions About AI Tutors: Anand presents a Harvard experiment showing AI tutors outperformed human tutors in a physical science course. However, he later argues this doesn't necessarily mean AI will level the playing field.
• "What was interesting was the scores of the students using the AI Bots were higher than with the human tutors and these are tutors who've been refining their craft year in and year out what was even more surprising is engagement was higher."
• The Potential for Increased Inequality: Anand cautions that AI benefits may disproportionately accrue to those with existing domain expertise: Anand cautions against the assumption that AI will automatically level the playing field in education. He argues that individuals with existing domain expertise are likely to benefit disproportionately from AI. Without foundational knowledge, users may struggle to formulate effective prompts and discern the quality of AI outputs ("garbage in, garbage out").
• He cites the example of online education platform like edX, where the majority of completers already had college degrees: "the educated rich were getting richer."
• Re-evaluating the Purpose of Education and the Role of Teachers
• Professor Anand emphasizes that education is not solely about acquiring information but also about how we learn. Skills like logic, communication, and memory remain valuable in an AI-driven world. He suggests that the core purpose of traditional educational methods, such as case studies (listening and communication), proofs (logic), and memorization (refining memory), remains relevant. "They're saying that the real purpose of case method was listening and communication the real purpose of proofs was understanding logic the real purpose of memorizing state capitals was refining your memory."
• He believes a strategic conversation is needed about the role and purpose of teachers in an AI-driven world. The most important thing in today's world is curiosity and intrinsic motivation.
• Focusing on Creative Thinking and Empathy: Anand advocates for teaching creativity, judgment, human emotion, empathy, and psychology, as these skills are likely to be more resilient to automation.
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In this new landscape, the role of teachers needs to be re-evaluated. Instead of simply being purveyors of knowledge, educators should focus on fostering critical thinking, creativity, empathy, and communication – skills less susceptible to automation. Anand highlights that tech experts are advising their children to learn skills to dance, plumbing, and humanities, implicitly recognizing their robustness against machine intelligence. Cultivating curiosity and intrinsic motivation becomes paramount for lifelong learning.

• Happy Reading!!!

National Day Celebrations 2025: Flag Raising Ceremony at the UoM

National Day Celebrations 2025: Flag Raising Ceremony at the UoM

The University of Mauritius proudly celebrated its Flag Raising Ceremony, this Tuesday 11th March 2025 at 11.30 hrs, in the Paul Octave Wiéhé Auditorium, to mark the 57th Anniversary of the Independence Day and the 33rd Anniversary of the Republic of Mauritius with the theme "As one people, As one Nation". The central theme of the celebration is "One people as one nation," reflecting the national anthem and emphasizing the importance of unity, respect, and peace for a better Mauritius.

In his speech, the Vice Chancellor, Prof S. Sobhee highlighted the key milestones of the University of Mauritius journey.

Founded in 1965, the University began as a small institution with a primary focus on science and technology. It aimed to meet the educational needs of a growing, post-independent nation.

In the 1970s, the university played a crucial role in producing diploma holders and graduates in agriculture and sugar technology, which was then the icon of economic development of independent Mauritius. Infrastructural development necessitated industrial and technical knowledge, which led to flagship academic programs.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the University expanded its academic programs to include business, law, humanities, and social sciences. This expansion led to the creation of the faculty of law and management, the faculty of social studies and humanities, and the faculty of science, solidifying the university's role as a leading educational institution. The university was called upon to play a role in the textile and service sectors during the economic transformation.

Entering the 21st century, the University undertook significant strides in modernizing its infrastructure and strengthening international collaborations. New programs in engineering, information technology, and environmental studies aligned the university with global trends in higher education. Partnerships with international institutions fostered student exchange programs and collaborative research, positioning the university as a key player in the region. The creation of the faculty of information, communication and digital technologies, and recently the faculty of medicine and health sciences, clearly demonstrates the university's adaptation to the evolution of the economy and society. The delivery evolved from a teacher-centered to a learner-centred approach with the support of digital technologies.

Today, the University offers a wide array of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs with a strong emphasis on research and innovation. It has produced more than 70,000 diploma holders and graduates and continues to serve as a temple of learning. The University is internationally benchmarked by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2025. The university has also signed several inter-institutional agreements under the Erasmus program for student and staff exchanges.  

Looking ahead, the University is preparing to host a series of events to mark its 60th anniversary, a milestone in its history.

Addressing the students as future ambassadors, the VC encourages them to commit to their careers, be inquisitive throughout their quest for knowledge, and broaden their understanding beyond their disciplines. He underscores the transformative power of education, quoting Nelson Mandela's autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom": "Education is the great engine of personal development. It is through education that the daughter of a peasant can become a doctor, that the son of a mine worker can become the head of a mine, that a child of a farmworker can become the president of a great nation." This quote emphasizes education as a tool for social mobility and national progress

Conclusion:

The VC's address provides a snapshot of the University of Mauritius's past, present, and future. It reinforces the institution's commitment to national development, highlights the significance of education, and calls for unity and progress. The upcoming 60th-anniversary celebrations signify a milestone in the university's history and a renewed dedication to its mission.

The VC concluded by thanking all contributors to the nation's development and a call to stand united as one people in one nation, one university, and one family, serving the nation for a brighter and more robust country.

Long live the Republic of Mauritius and the University of Mauritius ! 

 

Breaking the Cycle: Can Humanity Rise to the Climate Challenge?

The Climate Show, an immersive and interactive event designed to engage young people in the fight against the climate crisis, landed in the Octave Wiehe Auditorium at the University of Mauritius from March 3–5. Organized by the Indian Ocean Commission and the European Union, this groundbreaking initiative has already captivated 50,000 attendees in Belgium and France. Its mission? To turn awareness into action by empowering youth to confront the existential threats of climate change—and inspire them to lead the charge toward a sustainable world. Students at the university had the chance to engage in online quizzes and ask questions to deepen their understanding of the subject.

Introduction: The Clock is Ticking

Imagine a world where your choices—like buying a shirt online or planning a holiday—contribute to a planet on the brink of becoming "uninhabitable as we know it." This is the stark reality explored in the climate-focused event that I attended as an academic staff of the Faculty of Agriculture together with our students.  The question at its core is urgent: **Are humans doing enough to address the climate crisis?** The answer, it turns out, is both disheartening and hopeful.  

The Urgency of Now

The discussion opens with a chilling truth: if current consumption patterns continue, Earth’s climate will shift beyond recognition. Rising seas, extreme weather, and ecological collapse are not distant threats—they’re accelerating. Yet, despite widespread awareness, global emissions hit record highs in 2023. Why? Because **psychological and societal blockages**—denial, overwhelm, and the inertia of habit—keep us stuck.  

The show’s participants highlight that we know what needs to be done, but we’re paralysed by fear, convenience, and the illusion that individual actions alone can save us.

Individual vs. Collective: The Sisyphean Struggle

The debate between personal responsibility and systemic change is a recurring theme. Take for example the participant in the show grappling with a holiday dilemma: Should she skip a dream trip to reduce her carbon footprint, or indulge in fleeting joy? Her internal conflict mirrors millions of people worldwide.  

While individual actions—like reducing plastic use or eating plant-based diets—matter, they’re often framed as "drops in the ocean." The show’s experts argue that **collective action** is the only way to scale impact. But how do we shift systems when governments prioritize re-election over climate policy, and corporations chase profits by funding fossil fuels?  

The Consumption Dilemma: Why "More" is Killing Us

The root of the crisis isn’t just fossil fuels—it’s overconsumption. Every purchase, from a fast-fashion dress to a flight to Bali, triggers a chain reaction of emissions. Even replacing coal with renewables won’t suffice if we keep demanding "more, faster, and newer things."  

Take the example of "clicking to buy a product made in China." That single action fuels factories, ships, and packaging—emissions we rarely see but collectively perpetuate. The show’s experts stress: **Reducing consumption is non-negotiable.**  

Technology: A Plaster, Not a Cure

Techno-optimists in the show believe innovation—carbon capture, solar power—will save us. But the event’s dialogue rebuffs this: **Tech alone can’t outrun overconsumption or systemic greed**. Renewable energy investments are growing, but banks still fund fossil fuels at record rates. The message? **Innovation must pair with cultural shifts.**  

Inequality: Who Bears the Burden?

Climate change isn’t fair. Wealthy nations and individuals are disproportionately responsible for emissions, yet they’re often the slowest to act. The Paris Agreement’s 2050 goal—2 tons of emissions per person—contrasts starkly with today’s reality (e.g., the U.S. averages 16 tons).  

The show’s experts argue: **Equity matters.** A bigger population living sustainably (like Bolivia) is better than a smaller one overconsuming (like Qatar). Climate justice demands richer nations lead in both reducing emissions and funding global solutions.  

Democracy and Capitalism: The System is Broken

Politicians, tied to corporate interests, prioritize short-term gains over climate action. COP summits have "changed absolutely nothing," the audio states. Meanwhile, capitalism’s "growth-at-all-costs" mentality fuels overproduction and waste.  

A proposed fix? **Citizen assemblies**—randomly selected groups empowered to make climate decisions, bypassing partisan gridlock. Imagine a world where everyday people, not lobbyists, shape policy.  

Redefining Success: A New Story for Humanity

The show’s most powerful idea? **We need a new cultural narrative.** Instead of valuing GDP and material wealth, we must prioritize well-being, community, and ecological balance.  

Imagine measuring success by clean air, thriving ecosystems, and equitable access to resources. This shift isn’t just idealistic—it’s necessary. The event urges us to **see ourselves as part of nature, not separate from it.

Conclusion: The Path Forward

The climate crisis isn’t just an environmental issue—it’s a **humanity test**. It asks us to confront our habits, rethink our values, and act collectively.  

The video ends with a challenge: **"The future is not yet written."** Our choices today will determine whether we cling to the status quo or build a world where people and planet thrive.  

Final Thought : The climate crisis is a mirror reflecting our deepest flaws and highest potential. Let’s choose hope—not by waiting for a techno-fix, but by acting now, together. 

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The High Cost of Cheap Chicken: Balancing Efficiency, Welfare, and Technology

Intensive farming has become essential for meeting the global demand for meat and eggs, especially in the poultry sector. For example, in Mauritius, poultry is the most consumed meat. However, this efficiency often comes at the cost of animal welfare. The sheer scale of poultry production is immense, with more chickens slaughtered than the total number of humans who have ever lived. Traditional practices also lead to the culling of 6-7 billion day-old male chicks in world wide egg production. This post discusses the Emerging technologies like in-ovo sexing, in-ovo vaccination, and on-farm hatching as potential solutions to improve both production efficiency and animal welfare. 

The Welfare Trade-Off in Poultry Farming

The drive for economic efficiency in factory farming often compromises the well-being of chickens, subjecting them to stress, pain, and injuries. However, emerging technologies like in-ovo sexing, in-ovo vaccination, and on-farm hatching offer potential solutions to improve both production efficiency and animal welfare.

Key Technologies for Better Poultry Welfare

• In-Ovo Sexing: This technology determines the sex of a chick while still in the egg using advanced imaging technologies, such as MRI, and biochemical analysis, like PCR or mass spectroscopy. Since male chicks are unnecessary for egg production and grow too slowly for meat production, they are often culled. In-ovo sexing can be performed as early as day 12 of the 21-day gestation period, potentially offering a more humane alternative. In Europe, roughly 15% of the layer population is sexed using automatic technologies.
• In-Ovo Vaccination: This method administers vaccines directly into the egg, ensuring each embryo receives a uniform dose before hatching. This approach reduces handling stress for the chicks and gives their immune systems a head start. In-ovo vaccination also lowers labor costs and increases the consistency of immunization.
• On-Farm Hatching: This practice reduces stress, the risk of injury, and exposure to pathogens by transporting chickens in the egg. Reducing stress improves intestinal development, boosts growth, and lowers the incidence of diseases, which in turn decreases the reliance on antibiotics and combats antibiotic resistance.

Ethical Considerations

Many cultures and traditions emphasize honoring food and recognizing it as a gift. Showing reverence for the animals we consume should influence our actions. Embracing advancements that alleviate the ethical challenges of intensive farming can lead us toward a more sustainable and humane food system.

Moving Towards a Better Future

These technologies represent significant steps in addressing the ethical concerns surrounding poultry production. While challenges like the economic aspects of adopting new technologies persist, the changes in the poultry industry reveal how technology can tackle some of the most difficult problems in factory farming.

Source

Reflection Points for Mauritius 

As we consider these advancements, it's important to reflect on how they can be applied in different contexts. For example, in Mauritius, could the adoption of in-ovo sexing technologies significantly reduce the ethical concerns associated with chick culling, aligning with global trends towards more humane practices? 

As consumers globally become more aware of animal welfare issues, could increased transparency and promotion of ethical farming practices, such as reduced stress during transportation via on-farm hatching, enhance the competitiveness of Mauritian poultry products in both local and international markets?

Why Consumers Reject Climate-Affected Produce (and How We Can Change That)

 🌍 Climate change is altering the way our food looks and tastes, yet most consumers still prefer "perfect" produce—leading to unnecessary food waste and financial losses for farmers. This blog explores why people reject climate-affected food and how smart pricing, marketing, and education can shift consumer perceptions. Discover more below.

 

Source: World Economic Forum

 🌍 Climate change is reshaping our food supply, leading to more frequent droughts, heatwaves, and storms. These extreme weather events affect crops, altering their size, taste, and texture. But here’s the problem: most consumers still prefer "perfect-looking" produce, leaving climate-affected food to go unsold—resulting in more food waste and financial losses for farmers.

A recent study explored why consumers hesitate to buy climate-affected produce and what strategies can change their minds. The findings provide valuable insights for retailers, policymakers, and sustainability advocates looking to reduce food waste and encourage more sustainable shopping habits.

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What Matters Most to Consumers?

When faced with climate-affected fruit and vegetables, shoppers make choices based on two key factors:

1. Intrinsic Attributes (What the Produce Looks and Tastes Like)

Consumers rely on sensory and visual cues to judge food quality. The study found that these factors are the biggest deal-breakers when choosing climate-affected produce:

🍎 Firmness & Texture – Softer or more granular fruit (a common drought effect) is seen as lower quality.
🍎 Size – Smaller fruit is often perceived as less valuable.
🍎 Aesthetic Look – "Ugly" or irregularly shaped produce is usually avoided.
🍎 Taste (Sweetness) – Changes in sweetness levels can affect consumer preferences.

Even if people empathize with farmers affected by climate change, most still prioritize these attributes over supporting struggling agricultural communities.

2. Extrinsic Attributes (What Can Be Changed by Retailers & Marketers)

Unlike size or texture, some factors can be controlled to make climate-affected produce more appealing:

🛒 Price Sensitivity – Consumers are much more willing to buy climate-affected produce if it’s discounted. If it’s priced the same as "normal" food, most people avoid it.
🛒 Retail Setting – Farmers’ markets are more successful in selling climate-affected produce because customers expect "imperfect" food there. Supermarkets, however, have trained shoppers to demand flawless fruits and vegetables.
🛒 Resilience Messaging – Labelling climate-affected produce as "resilient" (e.g., “Survived the Drought!”) increases consumer interest, even among those who don’t feel empathy for farmers

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Source: The Conversation 2023

How Can We Get Consumers to Buy Climate-Affected Produce?

The study suggests several actionable strategies that retailers and policymakers can use to encourage more sustainable food choices:

✅ 1. Emphasize the Story of Resilience

Consumers may reject fruit that looks slightly different—but they love a good story. Marketing climate-affected produce as "survivors of extreme weather" makes them more appealing.

🔹 Example: Instead of just selling "drought-affected apples," label them as “Resilient Apples – Survived the Drought”. This shifts consumer perception from "defective" to "strong and unique."

✅ 2. Offer Discounts to Price-Sensitive Shoppers

Many consumers are more concerned about price than perfection. Offering climate-affected produce at a lower price increases purchases, even among those who initially hesitate.

🔹 Example: Run a "Support Farmers & Save!" campaign, promoting discounted climate-affected produce as a win-win for shoppers and farmers.

✅ 3. Educate with QR Codes & In-Store Promotions

Many consumers avoid climate-affected produce simply because they don’t know what to do with it. Educating them can make a big difference.

🔹 Example: Use QR codes on packaging that lead to:
✔️ Recipes that highlight the natural sweetness of climate-affected fruit in smoothies, jams, or desserts.
✔️ Information on how extreme weather naturally alters food (softer texture, deeper flavour, etc.).
✔️ Comparisons to unaffected produce, using scientific measurements (e.g., Brix scale for sweetness).

✅ 4. Let Consumers Taste It!

Many people assume that climate-affected food tastes worse—but what if they could try it first?

🔹 Example: Set up free tasting stations in supermarkets to showcase climate-affected produce. This helps overcome biases and proves that these foods are still delicious.

✅ 5. Shift Retail Strategies

Supermarkets have conditioned consumers to expect perfect produce, while farmers’ markets have more flexibility. Retailers can change consumer expectations by normalizing imperfect food.

🔹 Example: Instead of hiding climate-affected produce in a discount bin, display it proudly with educational signage explaining why it looks different but tastes great.

Final Thoughts: The Future of Climate-Affected Produce

Climate change is making extreme weather more frequent, meaning more of our food supply will be affected. If we don’t change consumer attitudes, more food will be wasted, and farmers will face even bigger losses.

The good news? Small shifts in marketing, pricing, and education can change the way people shop. By focusing on resilience, affordability, and storytelling, we can help consumers see climate-affected produce not as a defect, but as a symbol of sustainability.

💡 Would you buy climate-affected produce? What would convince you to make the switch? Let us know in the comments! 👇